Reading Section two Questions and Definitions.

1. Consul- One of Two rulers of Rome. They were like Kings and they hall power over military and government. They could control life and death of citizens in wartime. They could only serve for a year and could not run again for ten years. 
2. Veto- Something the Consuls to do overrule the other Consul's ruling. In Latin it means I forbid. 
3. Senate- The Aristocratic branch of Rome's government. It came from the saying that Romulus appointed 100 men to help him rule. You ruled for life on the senate and you could be Plebian or Patrician.
4. Assembly- The democratic side of the Roman government. It was run by the people which was all the citizens and soldiers. At first they had little power but it increased over the years. 
5. Dictator- A leader was appointed when Rome was in a time of crisis. They had absolute power to make laws and command the army. Their rule only lasted for six months.
6. Mercenary-Soldiers hired to fight by a country. They do it as a job not because they want to do it for their country. They weren't as loyal as actual soldiers from a country though. 

Questions

1. Many Plebians were dissatisfied with Roman government because of the little amount of power they had. Back then only the Patricians could rule and the Plebians could not take office. They could vote but that was all. They won more power by not fighting in wars unless they got more power. Since the need for a bigger army was needed Rome needed to conform. They ended enslavement for debt and interclass marriage was allowed. Also they had the twelve tables or they had laws written down for them.  .
2. Rome thought they had a balanced government because of what the government was made up of. They had part Monarchy with the consuls, aristocratic with the senate made up of the Patricians. They had democracy with the assembly and a dictator that  was somewhat controlled if crisis struck. They figured the combination of all these gave them a good government. 
3. Rome was sucessful with governing Italy by the freedom they gave. They allowed freedom to all of the places they conquered. There were three levels of freedom or citizenship for the conquered places of Rome. You had full citizenship given to Latin neighbors on the Tiber river. They could marry Romans, vote in assemblies, and go to court. In places a bit farther from Rome you had half citizens who had all the Roman rights except the right to vote. Finally the people left over were allies of Rome. They had to contribute soldiers to Rome and couldn't make peace with other countries. They could govern themselves without Rome's interference though. This freedom made Rome sucesful in governing all of Italy. 
4. Carthage might have appeared more powerful for a few reasons. For one they had more money and people. They had more people and had a better economy. The city was also bigger. This led people to believe that the Romans would lose the war. Rome won because they had more loyal troops. This was because the Romans had actual soldiers and Carthage had mercenaries. Rome's were more loyal than the hired soldiers and gave them an advantage. 
5.  The battle of Zama was so important because they could finally defeat Hannibal with their new general Scipio. He drove Hannibal out of Rome by directly attacking Carthage and making him run back to defend Carthage. Hannibal was defeated by Rome at Carthage and the Second Punic war was ended. This is a huge turning point for two reasons. For one it decided the most powerful nation in the world which was now Rome and it ended the second Punic War. 
6. The Greeks welcomed the Romans at first because they thought they would free them from their enemies. At first they did and helped them out and freed them from Macedon. Then Rome began to interfere with Greek politics and the Greeks got mad. As an example of what would happen to the Greeks if they fought back they destroyed Corinth. They killed or enslaved all its people and knocked down the walls. The city was reduced to nothing and so was its citizens.